Sustancias perfluoroalquiladas como contaminantes emergentes preocupantes sin un panorama de tratamiento viable: revisión
Perfluoroalkylated Substances as Emerging Contaminants of concern without a viable treatment landscape: Review
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Los ácidos perfluoroalquílicos (PFAA) son un grupo de sustancias químicas sintéticas persistentes con propiedades distintivas, como una gran estabilidad térmica y química, que los hacen adecuados para una amplia gama de aplicaciones. Se producen desde la década de 1950, lo que ha provocado una contaminación global del medio ambiente y la fauna. Son resistentes a la biodegradación y tienen tendencia a bioacumularse en los organismos y biomagnificarse en la cadena alimentaria. Las sustancias poli y perfluoroalquiladas (PFAs) se han utilizado ampliamente en muchos productos industriales y de consumo. Esta investigación presenta los problemas asociados a los PFASs contaminantes emergentes (CE), sus efectos en el medio ambiente debido a la bioacumulación, los métodos de detección y las tecnologías convencionales y no convencionales con las que se tratan. Se realizó una revisión de los estudios más relevantes de los últimos años. Se constató que las tecnologías convencionales basadas en la adsorción son ampliamente utilizadas, principalmente con carbones activados, con eficiencias de eliminación de contaminantes de hasta el 95%. Sin embargo, otras tecnologías como los fluidos supercríticos y las membranas no son suficientemente eficaces, por lo que se requieren alternativas más eficientes. Las tecnologías de oxidación avanzada resultaron ser una opción sostenible válida para el tratamiento de estos contaminantes.
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