Innovación operativa de un secador asistido por bomba de calor con enfoque energético y aplicación a materiales agroalimentarios

Operational innovation of a heat pump dryer with an energy focus and application to agri-food materials

Contenido principal del artículo

Juan Carlos Gómez-Daza

Resumen

Se diseñó y construyó un secador asistido por bomba de calor (SBC) con dos modificaciones fundamentales: se ubicó el compresor del ciclo de refrigeración dentro del circuito del aire y se configuró el control por humedad relativa y no, control de temperatura o temperatura y humedad relativa simultáneamente, como se realiza en general. Se utilizó un diseño experimental central compuesto centrado en la cara con tres variables a tres niveles para un total de 17 experimentos. Las variables consideradas fueron: humedad relativa del aire (%), espesor del material (mm) y velocidad del aire (m/s). Las herramientas estadísticas de análisis usadas son el análisis de varianza ANOVA a un nivel de confianza de 95 %; superficies de respuesta y la prueba de comparación de Snedecor (Fisher). Se trabajó con rodajas de zanahoria de 3 cm de diámetro, con una carga al secador de 1487 ± 98.74 g y con un contenido de humedad inicial de 0.8935 ± 0.024 (bh). Para los aspectos termodinámicos en términos de energía se evaluaron los indicadores [rango encontrado]: velocidad específica de extracción de humedad SMER [0.294 – 0.929 kg/kWh], consumo específico de energía SEC [1.08 – 3.04 kWh/kg], eficiencia de secado DE [64.20 – 71.67 %], velocidad de extracción de humedad MER [2.68 – 8.62 kg/h] y velocidad de secado DR [0.78 – 1.79 kg/h]. A 50 años de iniciado el uso de este sistema, la configuración de control propuesta se mantiene única.

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Biografía del autor/a (VER)

Juan Carlos Gómez-Daza, Universidad del Valle

Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Universidad del Valle, Ciudad Universitaria Meléndez, Cali, Colombia

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