Tratamiento de la Vaginosis Bacteriana recurrente, actualización 2023
Treatment of recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis, update 2023
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Introducción: a pesar de los múltiples tratamientos para la vaginosis bacteriana, más de la mitad de las mujeres experimentan recurrencia de los síntomas. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad y seguridad de las intervenciones terapéuticas en el manejo de la vaginosis bacteriana recurrente, en mujeres no gestantes. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en diferentes bases de datos electrónicas (MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Biblioteca Cochrane, entre otras); entre 1990 y 2023. Se utilizaron términos de búsqueda libres y estandarizados. Los desenlaces evaluados fueron el tiempo de retardo en la aparición de VB mayor a 12 meses y las reacciones adversas. Resultados: se tuvieron en cuenta 84 publicaciones. El metronidazol y la clindamicina siguen siendo el régimen terapéutico recomendado en el tratamiento de la vaginosis bacteriana aguda, y en la recurrente; el secnidazol y nifuratel han mostrado su positivo efecto, escalonando una posición entre estos regímenes (los cuales no solo podrían aumentar las tasas de curación clínica y microbiológica, sino disminución en la recurrencia). La proporción de reacciones adversas fueron más notables con los nitroimidazoles y la clindamicina, sin hallarse reportes del nifuratel. Conclusión: la revisión mostró que en el tratamiento de la vaginosis bacteriana recurrente no se observan diferencias significativas entre los regímenes tradicionales, lo mismo sucede con la seguridad, ya que las reacciones adversas son escasas y no suelen ser graves. Se necesitan ensayos clínicos que ayuden a aumentar las opciones de tratamiento para la VB recurrente, dándole paso al nifuratel y a otras opciones terapéuticas.
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