Efectos del telmisartán en el metabolismo de lípidos y glucosa: influencia en la prevención de enfermedades metabólicas y cardiovasculares
Effects of telmisartan on lipid and glucose metabolism: influence on the prevention of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases
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Introducción: el telmisartán es un antagonista selectivo de los receptores de angiotensina II tipo 1, utilizado principalmente para tratar la hipertensión arterial. Además de su efecto antihipertensivo, ha demostrado beneficios en el metabolismo de lípidos y glucosa, lo que le otorga un potencial terapéutico en trastornos como el síndrome metabólico y la diabetes tipo 2. Objetivo: describir en detalle los efectos del telmisartán sobre el metabolismo de los lípidos y la glucosa, destacando su papel como modulador de los receptores PPARγ y su influencia en la apolipoproteína E. Métodos: se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura en bases de datos como PubMed y Science Direct. Se incluyeron estudios en inglés y español sobre la relación de telmisartán con el metabolismo de lípidos y glucosa. De los 42 artículos iniciales, 33 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, excluyéndose aquellos con más de 15 años de antigüedad y duplicados. Resultados: telmisartán modula la expresión de apoE, promoviendo la eliminación de lípidos y reduciendo el riesgo de aterosclerosis. Además, su activación parcial de los receptores PPARγ mejora la oxidación de ácidos grasos y la sensibilidad a la insulina, previniendo la acumulación de grasa hepática. Estos efectos son esenciales para mejorar el perfil lipídico y glucémico en pacientes con dislipidemias y diabetes tipo 2. Conclusión: Telmisartán no solo controla la hipertensión, sino que también mejora el metabolismo de lípidos y glucosa, siendo una opción terapéutica valiosa en la prevención de enfermedades metabólicas y cardiovasculares.
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