Descelularización y caracterización in vitro de matrices de intestino delgado porcino para el tratamiento de heridas complejas
Decellularization and in vitro characterization of porcine small intestine scaffolds for complex wound treatments
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Introducción: las lesiones cutáneas complicadas se han convertido en un problema de salud mundial, siendo difíciles de tratar debido al limitado proceso de curación del cuerpo. Se han realizado estudios para mejorar los tratamientos tradicionales que tienen muchas desventajas. La investigación en cicatrización de heridas apunta a opciones con ingeniería de tejidos, como las matrices descelularizadas, con buenas propiedades de cicatrización y biocompatibilidad. Objetivo: obtener y caracterizar las propiedades de una matriz biológica descelularizada derivada del intestino delgado de animales. Métodos: el intestino delgado porcino se preparó y descelularizó utilizando cuatro métodos diferentes: Triton X-100 (TX-100), dodecil sulfato de sodio (SDS) y desoxicolato de sodio (SDC) para uno o dos ciclos de 6 horas o 24 horas, y ácido peracético para un ciclo de 2 horas. El ADN remanente se cuantificó con Nanodrop y electroforesis. Se realizaron tinciones histológicas y microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) para evaluar la estructura e integridad de la superficie. Se realizaron ensayos mecánicos para medir la resistencia de las matrices. Finalmente, se realizaron ensayos de degradabilidad con diferentes soluciones. Resultados: no se encontraron diferencias entre los protocolos de descelularización con respecto al ADN remanente, siendo más eficientes los protocolos de un ciclo de seis horas. Con el menor contenido de ADN remanente y una mejor preservación de la estructura, TX-100 podría considerarse como el mejor protocolo. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticas entre los protocolos y el tejido nativo durante el análisis mecánico. Los ensayos de biodegradabilidad mostraron las propiedades de degradabilidad esperadas de la matriz producida. Conclusión: se lograron resultados prometedores para obtener matrices biológicas descelularizadas que podrían servir como tratamiento para heridas cutáneas complicadas. Se deben realizar más estudios in vitro y moleculares a futuro para caracterizar aún más estas matrices.
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