Infecciones en úlceras de pie diabético: diagnóstico, microbiológico y tratamiento
Infections in diabetic foot ulcers: clinical, microbiological diagnosis and treatment
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Introducción: las infecciones en úlceras de pie diabético son la complicación más frecuente en las personas que padecen diabetes. El diagnóstico clínico y un sistema de clasificación que establezca el estado de la úlcera, son parámetros importantes para evaluar la gravedad de esta entidad.
Objetivo: actualizar a la comunidad médica y a los profesionales de la salud, en los protocolos para la clasificación clínico-microbiológico y el tratamiento del paciente con úlceras en pie diabético.
Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos desde el año 2012 hasta el año 2020, en la base de datos de PubMed, LILACS y Redalyc, también se utilizaron otras fuentes de información como la Federación Internacional de Diabetes y El Grupo Internacional de Trabajo en Pie Diabético.
Resultados: abordar el diagnóstico clínico según criterios IDSA, complementado con uno de los sistemas de clasificación de la úlcera en pie diabético, criterios fundamentales en la planeación de un abordaje terapéutico adecuado. Se requiere hacer un diagnóstico microbiológico, considerando la aparición de cepas resistentes entre los gérmenes más comúnmente aislados, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli y Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Conclusión: las clasificaciones de las úlceras de pie diabético permiten estratificar las lesiones y desarrollar un manejo clínico de las mismas, además es importante una buena toma de muestra para identificar el microorganismo prevalente y establecer la mejor antibioticoterapia para impedir la progresión de la infección de las úlceras de pie diabético.
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