Aspectos fisiopatológicos y manifestaciones neurológicas asociadas a la infección por SARSCoV-2/COVID-19.

Pathophysiologic aspects and neurological manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19.

Contenido principal del artículo

José de Jesús Bohórquez Rivero
José David Sáenz López
Keyner Enrique Tatis Villamizar
Roberto Carlos Guzmán Sáenz

Resumen

Introducción: el SARS-CoV-2 representa al patógeno causante de la enfermedad denominada COVID-19. Dicha patología se ha extendido rápidamente a nivel mundial, constituyendo un importante problema de salud pública. Sus características clínicas no se limitan al tracto respiratorio, sino que también comprometen al sistema nervioso. Objetivo: identificar los posibles mecanismos directos e indirectos por los cuales el SARS-CoV-2 afecta al sistema nervioso y describir los eventos fisiopatológicos responsables de las manifestaciones y complicaciones neurológicas reportadas en COVID-19. Métodos: se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura encontrada en las bases de datos PubMed y Science Direct y en el motor de búsqueda Google Scholar utilizando las palabras claves. Se incluyeron artículos en idioma español e inglés publicados en el año 2020. Resultados: se identificaron los posibles mecanismos de invasión directa del SARSCoV-2 al SNC (por las propiedades neurotrópicas del virus) y los mecanismos indirectos (derivados de las alteraciones metabólicas, el estado proinflamatorio y la desregulación del sistema inmune) detrás del compromiso neurológico asociado a COVID-19. Conclusiones: la identificación de los posibles mecanismos que explican como el SARS-CoV-2 ingresa, se establece en el SNC y lo afecta directamente, así como su afectación indirecta, son un pilar fundamental para la comprensión de los eventos fisiopatológicos que explican las manifestaciones clínicas y complicaciones neurológicas reportadas en COVID-19.

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Biografía del autor/a (VER)

José de Jesús Bohórquez Rivero, Universidad del Sinú

Grupo de Investigación GIBACUS. Escuela de Medicina. Universidad del Sinú, Cartagena, Colombia.

José David Sáenz López, Universidad del Sinú

Grupo de Investigación GIBACUS. Escuela de Medicina. Universidad del Sinú, Cartagena, Colombia.

Keyner Enrique Tatis Villamizar, Universidad del Sinú

Grupo de Investigación GIBACUS. Escuela de Medicina. Universidad del Sinú, Cartagena, Colombia

Roberto Carlos Guzmán Sáenz, Universidad del Norte

Departamento de Medicina Interna. Universidad del Norte. Barranquilla, Colombia

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