Los probióticos y su uso en el tratamiento de enfermedades.
Probiotics and their use in the treatment of diseases.
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Introducción: Los probióticos son microorganismos vivos que confieren beneficios a la salud del huésped, cuando se consumen en cantidades adecuadas, proporcionando una acción protectora contra patógenos y beneficios nutricionales. Su uso está asociado principalmente a alimentos funcionales o suplementos dietarios que contribuyen a un mejoramiento de la salud principalmente en humanos. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se han venido estudiando nuevos usos de estos, como son la prevención y alivio de ciertas enfermedades principalmente gastrointestinales. Así mismo los probióticos se han convertido en una alternativa para el tratamiento de enfermedades infecciosas, para mitigar el efecto negativo que los antibióticos pueden generar sobre el microbioma de los pacientes. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica fue identificar y compilar estudios e investigaciones en las cuales se evidencie el papel que juegan los probióticos en la solución de dichos problemas. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron aquellos que permitieron dar respuesta a los objetivos planteados. Resultados: Se logro identificar diferentes estudios donde se evidencio el beneficio del uso de los probióticos para el tratamiento de diferentes enfermedades. Conclusiones: Los probióticos son una novedosa alternativa en el tratamiento contra patógenos y en la prevención de algunas enfermedades en humanos. Ya que estos contribuyen en la reducción del agente causal de la enfermedad, reducción de los síntomas, inducción de la actividad inmune o disminución en el riesgo de contraer la infección.
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