Alternativas para el manejo del cólico del lactante
Alternativas para el manejo del cólico del lactante
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Introducción: el cólico infantil es un problema frecuente en la consulta pediátrica, tiene prevalencia del 15 a 40 % en niños menores de cuatro meses, independientemente del tipo de lactancia administrada. Suele generar ansiedad en cuidadores y pediatras.
Objetivo: identificar cuáles son las mejores alternativas para el manejo del cólico del lactante.
Metodología: se realizó búsqueda en la web en diferentes bases de datos de artículos científicos. Se tuvieron en cuenta revisiones sistemáticas, ensayos clínicos y resúmenes. Se analizaron las diferentes alternativas propuestas para el manejo del cólico del lactante.
Resultados: el cólico del lactante es de origen multifactorial. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen el uso de leches a base de proteínas extensamente hidrolizadas, leches sin lactosa o a base de proteínas de soya, terapia conductual, lactancia materna, uso de fármacos como: simeticona, diciclomina y probióticos. Las leches a base de proteínas extensamente hidrolizadas, son eficaces en lactantes con antecedentes de atopia. La leche de soya no se recomienda ya que puede generar efectos indeseados en el aparato reproductor y reacción cruzada con las proteínas de la leche de vaca. Algunos estudios han mostrado la eficacia de la diciclomina, sin embargo tiene importantes efectos adversos. La administración de lactobacilos Reuteri ha mostrado eficacia y parece ser una importante medida terapéutica.
Conclusiones: cambios en las fórmulas lácteas, fármacos, medidas conductuales y recientemente el probiótico lactobacilo Reuteri, han sido propuestos y recomendados para una entidad de causa no definida, de curso benigno y autolimitada. Rev.cienc.biomed. 2014;5(1):100-106
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