Crecimiento económico de América Latina en el siglo XX.
Latin America’s economic growth during the 20th century.
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El objetivo de este artículo es determinar el impacto de los factores: crecimiento del stock de capital, formación bruta de capital, crecimiento de la población, gasto de consumo final del gobierno general, nivel de inflación y exportaciones de bienes y servicios en el crecimiento económico de América Latina durante el periodo de 1900 a 2000. Los países de la muestra son Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, República Dominicana, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haití, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay, Venezuela. Los resultados indican que el crecimiento del stock de capital y la formación bruta de capital son variables centrales para explicar el proceso de acumulación de capital y el aumento de capacidad productiva en cualquiera de las economías. Además, el gasto del gobierno general como proporción del PIB, mostró una relación negativa con el crecimiento del ingreso real per cápita; sin embargo, el gasto público es clave para solucionar conflictos distributivos y sociales. Finalmente, el comercio exterior es clave para que cualquier país logre beneficiarse de las ventajas comparativas, financiamiento exterior, flujo de ideas y de bienes del resto del mundo.
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