Factores de riesgo asociados a enfermedad renal crónica en pacientes con infección por VIH.
Risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease in patients with HIV infection.
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Introducción: Los avances en la terapia antirretroviral han convertido la infección por VIH en una enfermedad crónica, en consecuencia, se han tornado relevantes patologías relacionadas con el virus, el tratamiento y el envejecimiento, una de ellas es la Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC), cuya prevalencia se ha incrementado. Objetivo: Establecer factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de ERC, en pacientes infectados por VIH, en terapia antirretroviral de gran actividad, en la ciudad de Cartagena. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, con pacientes asistentes a terapia antirretroviral, entre enero y diciembre de 2017. La función renal fue determinada por Tasa de Filtración Glomerular Estimada (TFGe) mediante ecuación CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) y determinación de albuminuria por cuantificación de relación albumina y creatinina en orina aislada. La ERC se definió como una TFGe menor o igual a 60 ml/min/1,73m2, por un período de, al menos, tres meses. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística para estimar los efectos de diversas variables en el desarrollo de ERC. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 267 pacientes, mediana de edad 41 años, mediana del tiempo desde el diagnóstico de VIH, y duración de la TARGA de 4,8 y 4,5 años, respectivamente. Prevalencia de HTA de 8.2% y Diabetes mellitus de 2.9%. La ERC fue diagnosticada en 3.7% de la población y luego del ajuste, el factor de riesgo asociado fue la edad ≥52 años (OR=14,04 (IC 95% 2,90 – 67,95)). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de ERC en pacientes infectados con VIH es alta, con respecto a la población general. La edad se encontró relacionada al desarrollo de ERC.
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